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The Chamic languages, also known as Aceh–Chamic and Achinese–Chamic, are a group of ten languages spoken in Aceh (Sumatra, Indonesia) and in parts of Cambodia, Vietnam and Hainan, China. The Chamic languages are a subgroup of Malayo-Sumbawan languages in the Austronesian family. The ancestor of this subfamily, proto-Chamic, is associated with the Sa Huỳnh culture, its speakers arriving in what is now Vietnam from Borneo or perhaps the Malay Peninsula. After Acehnese, with 3.5 million, Jarai and Cham are the most widely-spoken Chamic languages, with about 230,000 and 280,000 speakers respectively, in both Cambodia and Vietnam. Tsat is the most northern and least spoken, with only 3000 speakers. Due to extensive borrowing resulting from long-term contact, Chamic and the Bahnaric languages - a branch of the Austroasiatic family - have many vocabulary items in common.〔〔Sidwell 2009)〕 ==Classification== Graham Thurgood (1999:36) gives the following classification for the Chamic languages.〔Thurgood, Graham (1999). ''(From Ancient Cham to Modern Dialects: Two Thousand Years of Language Contact and Change: With an Appendix of Chamic Reconstructions and Loanwords )''. Oceanic Linguistics Special Publications, No. 28, pp. i, iii-vii, ix-xiii, xv-xvii, 1-259, 261-275, 277-397, 399-407.〕 Individual languages are marked by ''italics''. *''Acehnese'' *Coastal Chamic * *''Haroi'' * *Cham language ((ベトナム語:Chăm)) * * *''Western Cham'' * * *''Phan Rang Cham'' *Highlands Chamic * *Rade–Jarai * * *''Rade'' ((ベトナム語:Ê-đê)) * * *''Jarai'' ((ベトナム語:Gia Rai)) * *Chru–Northern * * *''Chru'' ((ベトナム語:Chu Ru)) * * *Northern Cham * * * *''Roglai'' ((ベトナム語:Ra Glai)) * * * *''Tsat'' The Proto-Chamic numerals from 7 to 9 are shared with those of the Malayan languages, providing partial evidence for a Malayo-Chamic subgrouping (Thurgood 1999:37). Roger Blench (2009)〔Blench, Roger. 2009. "(Are there four additional unrecognised branches of Austroasiatic? )."〕 also proposes that there may have been at least one other Austroasiatic branch in coastal Vietnam that is now extinct, based on various Austroasiatic loanwords in modern-day Chamic languages that cannot be clearly traced to existing Austroasiatic branches (Blench 2009; Sidwell 2006).〔Sidwell, Paul. 2006. "(Dating the Separation of Acehnese and Chamic By Etymological Analysis of the Aceh-Chamic Lexicon )." In The ''Mon-Khmer Studies Journal'', 36: 187-206.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Chamic languages」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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